Staging

TNM (Tumour, Node and Metastasis) staging for:

  • Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
  • Hilar (Perihilar) cholangiocarcinoma
  • Extrahepatic/Distal cholangiocarcinoma

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Stage

Criteria

T stages of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Tis

The tumour is only within the top layers of cells lining the bile duct

T1

There is one tumour that is contained within the bile duct, but has grown deeper into the wall of the bile duct

T2a

There is one tumour and it has grown through the wall of the bile duct into a nearby blood vessel

T2b

There is more than one tumour which may or may not have grown into a nearby blood vessel

T3

The tumour has either grown into the covering of the liver (the peritoneum) or has grown into nearby structures outside the liver, such as the bowel

T4

The tumour has spread into the liver by growing along the ducts

N stages of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

N0

There are no cancer cells in the lymph nodes

N1

There are cancer cells in the lymph nodes

M stages of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

M0

There is no sign of cancer spread

M1

The cancer has spread to other parts of the body away from the bile duct

Hilar (perihilar) cholangiocarcinoma

Stage

Criteria

T stages of hilar (perihilar) cholangiocarcinoma

Tis

The tumour is only within the top layers of cells lining the bile duct
 

T1

The tumour has grown deeper into the wall of the bile duct

T2a

The tumour has grown through the wall of the bile duct into the fatty tissue around it

T2b

The tumour has grown into the main part of the liver next to the bile duct

T3

The tumour has grown into one of the main blood vessels of the liver (the portal vein or hepatic artery)

T4

The tumour has grown into the right and left hepatic bile ducts. Or it has grown into more than one of the blood vessels. Or it has grown into a hepatic bile duct and more than one blood vessel

N stages of hilar (perihilar) cholangiocarcinoma

N0

There are no cancer cells in the lymph nodes

N1

There are cancer cells in nearby lymph nodes

N2

There are cancer cells in lymph nodes further away, such as the chest

M stages of hilar (perihilar) cholangiocarcinoma

M0

There is no sign of cancer spread

M1

The cancer has spread to other parts of the body away from the bile duct

Extrahepatic (distal) cholangiocarcinoma

Stage

Criteria

T stages of extrahepatic (distal) cholangiocarcinoma

Tis

The tumour is only within the top layers of cells lining the bile duct

T1

The tumour is entirely inside the bile duct but has grown deeper into the bile duct wall

T2

The tumour has grown through the wall of the bile duct

T3

The tumour has grown into the gallbladder, pancreas, small bowel or other nearby organs

T4

The tumour has grown into the major blood vessel in the abdomen (the aorta) where it joins the main blood vessel of the liver (the hepatic artery)

N stages of extrahepatic (distal) cholangiocarcinoma

N0

There are no cancer cells in the lymph nodes

N1

There are cancer cells in the lymph nodes

M stages of extrahepatic (distal) cholangiocarcinoma

M0

There is no sign of cancer spread

M1

The cancer has spread to other parts of the body away from the bile duct

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